是最常見的腦部退變性 病之一,以大腦皮質(zhì)彌漫性萎縮為特 征。其病因不明,臨床特征為進(jìn)行性癡呆, 表現(xiàn)為不斷加重的記憶力減退、智力降低及 言語紊亂。約25%的病人表現(xiàn)為抑郁,部分 病人在后期出現(xiàn)肌陣攣與抽搐。在晚期,可 有全...[繼續(xù)閱讀]

    one of the most common degenerative diseases of the brain,is characterized by atrophy of the cerebral cortex that is usually diffuse. The cause of Alzheimer disease is unknown. Clinical manifestations are a progressive dementia with increasing loss of mem...[繼續(xù)閱讀]

    是一小環(huán)形水平狀硬膜皺襞,附 著于前、后床突之間,構(gòu)成垂體窩的 頂。其中央部有一小孔,供垂體柄通過。其周 圍有海綿間竇圍繞。...[繼續(xù)閱讀]

    is a small,circular, horizontal fold of dura mater that attaches to the clinoid processes and form a roof for the sella turcica which contains the hy pophysis. A circular opening in its central part transmits the infundibulum of thehypothalamus,which is s...[繼續(xù)閱讀]

    檢查時病人宜取臥位, 髖、膝關(guān)節(jié)伸直,足跟放在床上;如取坐位,髖關(guān)節(jié)屈曲,膝關(guān)節(jié)輕度伸直,病 人的足放在檢查者手中或檢查者膝上。檢查 者用一根火柴棒或牙簽、木棒、棉簽等自患者足跟向前輕劃皮膚至跖球處轉(zhuǎn)向內(nèi)側(cè),直至跖趾...[繼續(xù)閱讀]

    is elicited by stimulating the plantar surface of foot with a bluntpoint,preferably a match stick,a toothpick,a wooden applicator,or a wisp of cotton. The stimulus is directed from the heel toward the ball of the foot and toes and is stopped at the metata...[繼續(xù)閱讀]

    由內(nèi)臟傳入神經(jīng)纖維和自中 樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)直達(dá)交感神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的節(jié)前 神經(jīng)纖維組成。這些由脊髓灰質(zhì)側(cè)柱內(nèi)細(xì)胞 的軸突組成的有髓神經(jīng)纖維因顏色灰白而得 名。白交通支經(jīng)前根離開脊髓,后者與后根一 起構(gòu)成脊神經(jīng),這些纖維進(jìn)入交感...[繼續(xù)閱讀]

     consist of visceral afferent nerve fibers and pregan glionic fibers directed from the central to the sympathetic nervous system. Thesemyelinated fibers,giving them a morewhitish color than the gray rami,are formed by the axons of the cells in the lateral...[繼續(xù)閱讀]

    位于丘腦內(nèi)髓板內(nèi),由深染的 梭形細(xì)胞組成。它包括中央中核、中央旁核、束旁核、中央內(nèi)側(cè)核和中央外側(cè) 核。其傳入纖維來自網(wǎng)狀結(jié)構(gòu)、脊髓丘腦束及中腦中央灰質(zhì)等處,傳出纖維主要終止于 紋狀體。...[繼續(xù)閱讀]

    are situated in the internal medullary lamina and consist of deeply stained fusiform neurons. These nuclei include the central median nucleus,the paracentral nucleus,the parafascicularnucleus,the central lateral nucleus,and the central medial nucleus. Aff...[繼續(xù)閱讀]